What is the practice?
Self-management is defined as a person acting in some way to change subsequent behavior (Cooper et al., 2007) and involves strategies used to manage and direct their own behavior in settings where other controls are either not present or feasible (Gifford et al., 1984).
In the studies used to establish the evidence base for using self-management to teach social skills, vocational skills, and communication skills, the following skills were taught:
- Appropriate play behavior and verbalizations during board game play (Keogh et al., 1984)
- Appropriate play behavior and responses to winning or losing (Moore et al., 1995)
- Stuffing envelopes and bagging three items (Berg & Wacker, 1989)
- Communicative skills with a partner during a schematic map activity (Lamb et al., 1997)
- Sorting washers into bins (Moore et al., 1989)
Where has it been implemented?
- Residential living facility (1 study)
- School (3 studies)
- Sheltered workshop (1 study)
Where is the best place to find out how to do this practice?
Related Lesson Starters
References used to establish this evidence base:
- Berg, W. K., & Wacker, D. P. (1989). Evaluation of tactile prompts with students who are deaf, blind, and mentally retarded. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 22(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1989.22-93
- Keogh, D. A., Faw, G. D., Whitman, T. L., & Reid, D. H. (1984). Enhancing leisure skills in severely retarded adolescents through a self-instructional treatment package. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 4(4), 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-4684(84)90023-5
- Lamb, S. J., Bibby, P. A., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Promoting the communication skills of children with moderate learning difficulties. Child Language Teaching & Therapy, 13(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909701300304
- Moore, R. J., Cartledge, G., & Heckaman, K. (1995). The effects of social instruction and self instruction and self-monitoring on game-related behaviors of adolescents with emotional or behavior disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 20(4), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/019874299502000406
